nginx安装及配置及使用
安装配置
1. 下载Nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
2. 解压并进入目录操作
1. tar zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 2. cd nginx-1.8.1 3. ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx # 表示将ngnix安装在/opt/ngnix目录下 4. make & make install
3. ngnix安装成功 /opt/ngnix
4. 验证nginx配置文件是否正确
# 进入nginx安装目录 sbin/nginx -t
5. nginx相关操作
# nginx启动 sbin/nginx # 停止nginx sbin/nginx -s stop # 或者 pkill nginx # nginx重启 sbin/nginx -s reload # 查看nginx状态 ps aux|grep nginx
6. 反向代理
# 在nginx.conf里面添加
server {
listen 8090;# 自己设置一个没有被占用的端口
server_name localhost;# 默认localhost就可以
location / {
proxy_pass http://47.94.245.33:8080; # 需要跨域的api
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
#
# Custom headers and headers various browsers *should* be OK with but aren't
#
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'X-Requested-By,DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
#
# Tell client that this pre-flight info is valid for 20 days
#
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000;
add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
return 204;
}
if ($request_method = 'POST') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'X-Requested-By,DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
}
if ($request_method = 'GET') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'X-Requested-By,DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
}
}
}
# 前端ajax
$.ajax({
type:'get',
url:'http://172.16.0.97:8090/car-2.0/service/test/license',
success:function(data){
console.log(data);
},
error:function(){
console.log("错误");
}
})
7. 负载均衡
# nginx.conf
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
location / {
proxy_pass http://kylin.com;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
upstream kylin.com {
ip_hash; # 维持session会话持久性，避免频繁刷新页面出现登陆页面进行登陆
server xxx:7070;server xxx:7070;server xxx:7070;
}
FAQ
1. ./configure 出错
./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options. # 解决办法 yum -y install pcre-devel yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
2. nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
# 出现这个错误，说明80端口被占用，杀掉这个进程： killall -9 nginx # 进入nginx目录 cd /root/nginx sbin/nginx # 执行这个命令，什么都不出现是正常的。 ps aux|grep nginx 出现下图信息证明nginx启动成功，浏览器访问nginx所在ip,即可出现nginx页面
3. nginx启动成功后出现403 Forbidden
# 在nginx根目录下的/conf/nginx.conf文件第一行里面添加 user root; # 重启nginx sbin/nginx -s reload
4. [error] open() “/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid”
[root@node104 nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload nginx: [error] open() "/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
解决办法：
cd /opt/nginx sbin/nginx -c conf/nginx.conf
5. ngnix在CentOS-6系统启动报错
5.1 报错1
sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法：
cd /lib64 ln -s libpcre.so.0.0.1 libpcre.so.1 ll /lib64/libpcre*
5.2 报错2
sbin/nginx: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by sbin/nginx)
问题分析：
# 查看版本，发现仅支持到2.12 strings /lib64/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC
解决办法：
cd /opt wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.14.tar.gz tar zxvf glibc-2.14.tar.gz cd glibc-2.14 mkdir build && cd build ../configure --prefix=/opt/glibc-2.14 make -j4 make install # 编译完成后，将libc-2.14.so拷贝到/lib64目录下（本机环境为CentOS-6 64位系统） cp /opt/glibc-2.14/lib/libc-2.14.so /lib64/ # 软链到 ln -sf /lib64/libc-2.14.so /lib64/libc.so.6
5.3 问题3：
升级glibc到2.14后，出现ssh登陆时出现：
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (en_US.UTF-8)： No such file or directory
解决办法：
cp -r /usr/lib/locale /opt/glibc-2.14/lib/ [root@node98 ~]# ll /opt/glibc-2.14/lib/locale total 96836 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 99158576 Dec 14 02:33 locale-archive -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Dec 14 02:33 locale-archive.tmpl
问题解决。
参考自：
https://blog.csdn.net/guitar___/article/details/77651983#commentBox
5.4 报错4：
问题：执行date命令
[root@xxxxx ~]# date Mon Dec 17 05:41:43 Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page 2018
问题分析：
就是升级libc.so.6导致的!
GNU中对TZ环境变量的说明中指出，如果TZ没有值，会默认选择时区，具体地址由libc.so.6这个库决定。在升级前，centos的默认时区文件为/etc/localtime。而我新编译的库时，设置了—prefix=/opt/glibc-2.14，导致默认路径为变成了
/opt/glibc-2.14/etc/localtime，自然就找不到默认时区了。
解决方案：
ln -sf /etc/localtime /usr/local/glibc-2.14/etc/localtime
测试：
[root@xxxxx ~]# date Mon Dec 17 13:51:48 CST 2018
问题解决。